10th Class English - Chapter 8 Air Pollution: A Hidden Menace All Question With Answer

↓ Question & Answer ↓

D. Let’S Understand The Text

Question 1.
What accident took place at Bhopal in 1984?
(୧୯୮୪ରେ ଭୋପାଳରେ କେଉଁ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ଘଟିଥିଲା ?)

Answer:
The most tragic industrial accident took place at Bhopal in 1984.


Question 2.
Why is it called an industrial accident?
(ଏହାକୁ କାହିଁକି ଏକ ଔଦ୍ୟୋଗିକ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା କୁହାଯାଏ ?)

Answer:
It is called ah industrial accident as it occurred in a chemical plant operated by Union Carbide. Deadly gas from it escaped into the atmosphere for which over 4000 local residents were killed and many others were blind and crippled.


Question 3.
What were the tragic consequences Of it?
(ଏହାର ଦୁଃଖଦ ପରିଣତି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:
The tragic consequences of the most tragic industrial accident in Bhopal were heart-rendering. As a result of the escapement of deadly gas from the chemical plant into the atmosphere, more than 4000 local residents were killed and many others were blind and crippled.


Question 4.
How is air important for man?
(ବାୟୁ କିପରି ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ?)

Answer:
Air is highly essential for every living being. Because a man can’t live without breathing even for a minute and for breathing air is essential. So air is important for man. It is estimated that an average adult exchanges 15 kg of air a day, in comparison to 1.5 kg of food, and 2.5 kg of water.


Question 5.
What is the major source of contamination of the human body?
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଶରୀର ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ସ କିଏ ? )

Answer:Air pollution is a major source of contamination of the human body.


Question 6.
What is the composition of air?
(ବାୟୁର ଗଠନ କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
Air is composed of 78 per cent nitrogen, 21 per cent oxygen, a little less than 1 per cent argon and 0.03 per cent carbon dioxide. These elements make up 99.9 per cent of dry air.


Question 7.
When is air said to be polluted?
(ବାୟୁ କେତେବେଳେ ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ହୋଇଛି ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ ?)

Answer:
Air is a mixture of gases and its different component gases remain in a definite proportion/ratio. The air is pure so long as that definite proportion of component gases is continued to exist. If the oxygen level gets reduced in air, irritating gases enter the atmosphere, air is said to be polluted.


Question 8.
What fuels do the industries use?
(ଶିଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁସବୁ ଜାଳେଣି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି ?)

Answer:
Most industries require steam. In order to produce steam they use fuels like coal, coke or furnace oil.


Question 9.
How does the released smoke affect man?
(ନିର୍ଗତ ବାଷ୍ପ ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ କିପରି ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥାଏ ?)

Answer:
The released smoke of different industries containing obnoxious gases, ash and dust particles mingles with the air and pollutes it. They enter our body through respiration and cause great harm to our lungs without our knowledge.


Question 10.
Why do thermal power stations cause more pollution?
(ତାପଜ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକ କାହିଁକି ଅଧିକ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ ?)

Answer:
Thermal power stations discharge high amounts of smoke along with ash into the atmospheric air in comparison to other industries. So they cause more pollution than any other industry and chemical plants.


Question 11.
What are the other industries equally harmful to us?
(ଆମ ପାଇଁ ସମପରିମାଣରେ କ୍ଷତିକାର କ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଶିଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
Other industries like cement industries, steel industries and ore processing industries and chemical plants are equally harmful to us thermal plants.


Question 12.
Why is the number of automobiles increasing on the road?
(ରାସ୍ତା ଉପରେ ମୋଟରଗାଡ଼ି ସଂଖ୍ୟା ବଢ଼ିଚାଲିଛି କାହିଁକି ?)

Answer:
The population is increasing at a very rapid rate. So in order to meet the demand of the exploding population, the automobiles on the road are increasing.


Question 13.
How do automobiles contribute to air pollution?
(ମୋଟରଗାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣରେ କିପରି ସହାୟକ ହୋଇଥା’ନ୍ତି ?)

Answer:
Automobiles release maximum carbon monoxide into the atmosphere so that the air is polluted. It is calculated that automobiles are responsible for 60 per cent of air pollution in different parts of the world.


Question 14.
What are the effects of air pollution on vegetable crops and trees?
(ପନିପରିବା ଫସଲ ଓ ବୃକ୍ଷଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର କି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?)

Answer:
Car exhaust gases cause a lot of harm to many flower and vegetable crops. They are completely destroyed by air pollution. Trees have been seriously affected and killed by pollution from power plants.


Question 15.
How are buildings affected by polluted air?
(ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ବାୟୁଦ୍ଵାରା ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକାଗୁଡ଼ିକ କିପରି କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି ?)

Answer:
Air pollution causes harm to buildings. Fine buildings become shabby, and their walls get blackened with soot that has settled on them by air pollution. Building surfaces may actually deteriorate because of polluted air.


Question 16.
What health problems are caused by polluted air?
(ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ବାୟୁଦ୍ଵାରା କେଉଁ ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ୟା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ?)

Answer:
Polluted air causes a lot of health hazards. It causes eye irritations, scratchy throats and respiratory illness.


Question 17.
How is air pollution responsible for increasing the temperature?
(ତାପମାତ୍ରା ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଁ ବାୟ ପଦଷଣ କିପରି ଦାୟୀ ?)

Answer:
The amounts of air pollutants like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere are increasing. These gases tend to trap the radiation that reaches the earth from the sun. As a result of which the atmospheric temperature is continuously increasing. This process would eventually lead to global warming.


Question 18.
What harm can refrigerant do?
(ଶୀତଳକାରକ ପଦାର୍ଥ କି କ୍ଷତି କରିପାରେ ?)

Answer:
A substance that belongs to a group of chemicals and chlorofluorocarbons is used as a refrigerant. The use of this substance may destroy the atmospheric layer that protects us from the harmful rays of the sun.


Question 19.
What is acid rain?
(ଅମ୍ଳବୃଷ୍ଟି କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
Acid rain is a kind of precipitation which contains a sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and other chemicals. And this acid rain affects everything that it falls on.


Question 20.
How is water affected by acid rain?
(ଅମ୍ଳବୃଷ୍ଟିଦ୍ୱାରା ଜଳ କିପରି କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୁଏ ?)

Answer:
Acid rain makes the water of rivers and lakes poisonous as it contains oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and other chemicals. The water turns acidic and affects aquatic animals and plants. It also affects crops, buildings and drinking water.


Question 21.
What is the impact of acid rain on soil?
(ମୃତ୍ତିକା ଉପରେ ଅମ୍ଳବୃଷ୍ଟିର ପ୍ରଭାବ କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
Acid rain changes the soil’s nutrient content. It washes away nutrients like potassium, calcium and magnesium from the upper layer that help trees grow. Acid rain kills large patches of forests leaving behind leafless skeletons of trees.


Question 22.
What are the ways to control air pollution?
(ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣର ଉପାୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
There are three basic ways to control air pollution preventive measures, dispersal measures and collection measures. Preventive measures can be taken by changing the raw materials used in industry or the ingredients of fuel. Dispersal measures can be taken by raising the heights of tall chimneys of the factories. Collection measures can be taken by designing equipment to trap pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere.


Question 23.
How have different countries tried to check it?
(ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏହାକୁ ରୋକିବାକୁ କିପରି ପ୍ରୟାସ କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)

Answer:
Different countries have tried to check air pollution by taking many initiatives such as making laws, setting standards and norms to ensure quality air and burning low-sulphur coal and oil in factories and power plants.


Question 24.
How have the air quality programmes brought us benefits?
(କିପରି ବାୟୁର ଗୁଣାତ୍ମକ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଆମର ଉପକାର କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)

Answer:
Air quality programmes have brought us benefits in many areas. For example, burning low-sulphur coal and oil in factories and power plants has lowered pollution in many cities. In order to meet standards, automobile engines are redesigned and new cars have been equipped with devices like catalytic converter which changes pollutants into harmless substances and reduces air pollution.


Question 25.
Why do we still need to find out better ways to control air pollution?
(ତଥାପି ଆମେ କାହିଁକି ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଉନ୍ନତ ଉପାୟମାନ ବାହାର କରିବା ଦରକାର କରୁଛୁ ?)

Answer:
Although the formulation of certain laws and set of standards and norms have checked air pollution up to some extent, it hasn’t been completely checked. So we still need to find out better ways to control air pollution. It is not easy to bring about the new development needed to control it. Now physicians, engineers, botanists and meteorologists are carrying out research, seeking new ways to check it. In the future, we can breathe pure air in the cities where the sunlight is no longer blocked by an umbrella of air pollution.


🗨
E. Let’S Go Beyond The Text:
(i)

Question 1.
Why does the oxygen level in the atmosphere get reduced? What could be its consequences?
(ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ସ୍ତର କମିଯାଇଛି କାହିଁକି ? ଏହାର ପରିଣାମ କ’ଣ ହୋଇପାରେ ? )

Answer:
The oxygen level in the atmosphere gets reduced for many reasons. Due to deforestation, the photosynthesis process has been reduced and the amount of oxygen gets reduced. Besides burning process also reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. If it so happens then living beings will be definitely deprived of availing adequate oxygen. Besides, through respiration oxygen gets converted into carbon dioxide which traps radiation that reaches the earth from the sun, as a result, the atmosphere becomes warmer and would eventually lead to global warming.


Question 2.
How do the chemical industries cause dangerous air pollution? What are its far-reaching consequences?
(ରସାୟନ ଶିଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ କିପରି ବିପଜନକ ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଛନ୍ତି ? ଏହାର ସୁଦୂରପ୍ରସାରୀ ପରିଣାମ କ’ଣ ?)

Answer:
The chemical industries release certain toxic fumes into the atmosphere, along with smoke. It mingles with the atmospheric air and pollutes it. When people inhale that toxic substance, they suffer from serious diseases.


Question 3.
How is acid rain caused?
(ଅମ୍ଳବୃଷ୍ଟି କିପରି ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ?)

Answer:
Acid rain is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulphuric acid. The chemical forerunners of acid rain formation result from both natural sources such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation and man-made sources primarily emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides resulting from fossil fuel combustion. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds.


Question 4.
How does polluted air travel from one country to another?
(ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ବାୟୁ କିପରି ଗୋଟିଏ ଦେଶରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଦେଶକୁ ଯାଇଥାଏ ?)

Answer:
The polluted air is carried away by the wind from one country to another, often for distances of thousands of miles.


Question 5.
What steps can be taken to reduce the pollution caused by automobiles? Is air pollution a global problem?
(ମୋଟରଗାଡ଼ିଦ୍ଵାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣକୁ କମାଇବାପାଇଁ କି କି ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ନିଆଯାଇପାରେ ? ଏହା ଏକ ଜାଗତିକ ସମସ୍ୟା କି ?)

Answer:
The pollution caused by automobiles can be reduced by taking certain steps. First of all, the ingredients of fuel used in automobiles should be changed. Secondly, automobile engines should be redesigned and equipped with new devices like catalytic converters which can change pollutants into harmless substances. Yes, air pollution is a global problem. It is a problem for the whole world.


🗨
(ii) Given below is a table. Read the text and complete the table.


Answer:


🗨
F. Let’S Do Some Activities

1. Let’s think together :
The text you have read mentions some steps to reduce air pollution. Now work in groups to suggest more steps for dealing with the problem. You can refer to newspapers, and journals and discuss among yourselves to get more ideas (The teacher divides the class into four or five groups for the purpose)(This activity will be done in the class by the teacher.)


2. Let’s speak and listen :
Each group presents its ideas in class regarding the steps to control air pollution. Other groups listen and react to the ideas. After all the groups have presented ideas, commonly agreed aspects should be finalized. (The teacher acts as the observer and coordinator.) (This activity will be done in the class by the teacher.)


3. Let’s write :
Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper / the Minister, Department of Environment explaining the importance of clean air and suggesting ways to keep it clean and pure. (ପରିଷ୍କାର ବାୟୁର ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ପରିଷ୍କାର ଓ ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ରଖିବାର ଉପାୟମାନ ବୁଝାଇ ସମ୍ବାଦପତ୍ରର ସମ୍ପାଦକ/ପରିବେଶ ବିଭାଗର ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ପତ୍ର ଲେଖ ।)


Pubusahi, Khurda
Date ……………………..

To,
The Editor
The Telegraph
Kolkata
Sub – Importance of clean air.

Dear Sir,

I shall be much obliged if you kindly publish this news item in your widely circulated newspaper.
Everybody needs pure and clean air in order to make his body fit. It is essential for the human body. Man can’t live even a moment without air. But it has become a dream now. Every comer of the world is filled with polluted air because of the growing industries of automobiles. When we respire the polluted air we suffer from many harmful diseases. The polluted air has caused a lot of harm not only to living creatures but also to trees and buildings.

All living creatures need pure and clean air so that they can keep themselves fit both physically and mentally. We all have to do something to keep it clean. A large number of trees should be planted every year to neutralize some pollutants. Some of the industries should be disestablished. The raw materials used in factories or the ingredients of fuel should be changed and equipment should be designed in such a way that can trap the pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere. Automobile engines should be equipped with devices that can change pollutants into harmless substances. Above all the government should pass laws to prevent and control air pollution.

Through your much-esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the public as well as the government to do something to check air pollution and ensure a pure air.

Yours faithfully
Sasmita Praharaj


4. Let’s debate:
Some speak ‘for’ the motion and some ‘against’. The teacher acts as Chairperson.
(କେତେକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ସପକ୍ଷରେ ଓ କେତେକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ବିପକ୍ଷରେ କହିବେ, ଶିକ୍ଷକ ସଭାପତିଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବେ ।)
(i) Use of private vehicles should be banned to control air pollution.
(ବେସରକାରୀ ଯାନବାହନ ବ୍ୟବହାର ନିଷିଦ୍ଧ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ।)

Answer:
Group — A (For)
Undoubtedly the number of private vehicles used is more than the number of government vehicles. Their contribution to causing air pollution is more. It causes near about 60 per cent of air pollution. Some people misuse their vehicles. Even they take their vehicles to a very short distances. Some people use it as a luxury item. So private vehicles should be banned so that air pollution can be controlled.


Group – B (Against)
Only private vehicles can meet the demand of the exploding population. Though a number of passenger carriers and goods carriers are run by the government, they can’t meet the rising demand of the people. Government can’t provide adequate service transportation. Of course, vehicles are responsible for air pollution. But all private vehicles shouldn’t be banned. A lot of problems will arise if it is done.


(ii) Industries being the major source of pollution need to be disestablished
(ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ସ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଶିଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିଲୋପ କରିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।)

Answer:
Group – A (For)
Most industries spew smoke, ash, dust and other pollutants into the atmospheric air. So the air gets polluted. It affects human beings, aquatic creatures, plants, trees as well as soil. Of course, industries fulfil the demand of the people. But they need to be disestablished to check pollution and save people and others from its ill effects.


Group – B (Against)
Modem society would come to halt without industries. Industrial products fulfil the demand of the people. Everything we use in our day-to-day life is a product of an industry or other. So the industries shouldn’t be disestablished.


🗨
G. Lets Enrich Our Vocabulary:

(i) There are some words/phrases in the text used to convey the harmful effects of air pollution on mankind.
(ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ମଣିଷ ସମାଜ ଉପରେ କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ଜଣାଇବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ କେତେଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ|ବାକ୍ୟାଶ ଅଛି ।)
A few examples are given : deadly, irritating gases, a
ଅଳ୍ପ କେତୋଟି ଉଦାହରଣ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି: deadly, irritating gases
Pick out other such words/expressions from the text and write in your copy.
(ସେହିଭଳି ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ/ବାକ୍ୟାଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରୁ ବାଛି ତୁମ ଖାତାରେ ଲେଖ ।)


(ii) toxic fumes, toxic substances, respiratory illness, sensitive tissues, polluted air, dense smoke, scratchy throats, serious diseases
(a)The word ‘respiration’ is the noun form of the verb ‘respire’.
(respiration’ଶବ୍ଦଟି କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ‘respire’ର ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ରୂପ ।)
Now with the help of a dictionary find out verb/noun forms of the following.
(ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଅଭିଧାନର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନେଇ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତଗୁଡ଼ିକର କ୍ରିୟା| ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ରୂପ ବାହାର କର ।)

Noun Verb Verb Noun
Resident Consume
Pollution Alter
Composition Believe
Inhalation Reduce
Emission Produce
Comparison Operate
Knowledge Expect
Recovery Represent
Destruction Radiate
Contamination Illustrate
Precipitation Justify
Deterioration Prevent


Answer:

Noun Verb Verb Noun
Resident Reside Consume Consumption
Pollution Pollute Alter Alteration
Composition Compose Believe Belief
Inhalation Inhale Reduce Reduction
Emission Emit Produce Production
Comparison Compare Operate Operation
Knowledge Know Expect Expectation
Recovery Recover Represent Representation
Destruction Destroy Radiate Radiation
Contamination Contaminate Illustrate Illustration
Precipitation Precipitate Justify Justification
Deterioration Deteriorate Prevent Prevention

🗨
(b) Arrange the words provided under noun and verb in the order in which they should come in a dictionary. ( Noun ଓ verb ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସେମାନେ ଅଭିଧାନରେ ଆସୁଥ‌ିବା କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଅ । )

Noun Verb Noun Verb
Comparison

Contamination

Deterioration

Inhalation

Pollution

Recovery

Alter

Consume

Illustrate

Operate

Produce

Reduce

Composition

Destruction

Emission

Knowledge

Precipitation

Resident

Believe

Expect

Justify

Prevent

Radiate

Represent


🗨
(iii) Read the sentences below :

buildings of Krakow are slowly being destroyed by acidic smog.
Mark the word underlined. Two words, i.e. ‘smoke and fog’ (smoke + fog) have formed the word ‘smog’. Such process of word formation is known as blending. Many new words are being made in this process and are increasingly in use.


Given below is an exercise. Complete it.
Foreign + exchange bank = ………………… bank
………………. + …………….. policy = Exim policy
Slim + tender = ……………..
……………… + …………….. = telecast
Answer:
Foreign + exchange bank = Forex bank
Export + import policy = Exim policy
Slim + tender = slender
Television + broadcast = telecast


(iv) Given below are some expressions. Use a single word for each expression. Go to the text to find the words.
(ନିମ୍ନରେ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦପୁଞ୍ଜ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଶବ୍ଦପୁଞ୍ଜ ପାଇଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହାର କର ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟ ଦେଖ ।)
a great threat
getting worse day by day
things used to make something
a body of laws
one who studies weather conditions

Answer:
a great threat – menace
getting worse day by day – deteriorating
things used to make something – ingredients
a body of laws – legislation
one who studies weather conditions – meteorologist


🗨
H. Let’s Learn Language:

(a) Mark the following sentences used in the text:
(ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)

(i) …………………..irritating gases enter the atmosphere.
(ii) every day, every moment we breathe polluted air to become a victim of air pollution.


The words underlined above are known as ‘participle adjectives. Here ‘irritating’ is the present participle adjective and ‘polluted’ is the past participle adjective in the above sentences.
(ଉପର ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ‘participle adjectives’ ଭାବେ ପରିଚିତ । ଉପର ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ‘irritating’ ହେଉଛି ‘present participle adjective’ ଓ ‘polluted’ ହେଉଛି ‘past participle adjective’ ।)

Find out in the text how many such participles are there and make a list.
(ଏପରି କେତୋଟି participle ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟରେ ଅଛି ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କର ଓ ଏକ ତାଲିକା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କର ।)


Present Participle _______, ________, ________, ________
Past Participle ________, _________, ________, ________
Answer:
Present Participle — surviving, exploding (population), damaging (effects),drinking, designing, expanding (society), processing
Past Participle — contaminated, increased, industrialised, polluted


Complete the following sentences with appropriate participles of the verbs given in brackets.
(ବନ୍ଧନୀ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ participleଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କର ।)


1. The beggar is wearing a _______ shirt. (tear)
2. My father bought me a ______ suit. (swim)
3. My friend wanted a _______ instrument. (clean)
4. 1 never like to take a _______ egg. (boil)
5. Air pollution causes ______ problem. (breath)
6. People get deceased in a _______ atmosphere. (pollute)
7. Air pollution has _______ effect on buildings. (damage)
8. Severity of air pollution is more found in _______ countries. (develop)

Answer:
1. The beggar is wearing a torn shirt. (past participle)
2. My father bought me a swimming suit. (the present participle)
3. My friend wanted a cleaning instrument. (the present participle)
4. 1 never like to take a boiled egg. (past participle)
5. Air pollution causes breathing problems. (the present participle)
6. People get deceased in a polluted atmosphere. (past participle)
7. Air pollution has a damaging effects on buildings. (the present participle)
8. Severity of air pollution is more found in developed countries. (past participle)


(b) Punctuate the following text (ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ପାଠ୍ୟଟିକୁ ବିରାମ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେଇ ଲେଖ) :
In the United States, control of air pollution is chiefly the responsibility of the state and local governments all the states have air quality management programmes which are patterned after federal laws the basic federal law dealing with air pollution is the clean air act of 1970 amended in 1990 under this law the federal environment protection again sets standards for air quality what are the standards.

Answer:
In the United States, control of air pollution is chiefly the responsibility of the state and local governments. All the States have air quality management programmes which are patterned after federal laws. The basic federal law dealing with air pollution is the Clean Air Act of 1970 amended in 1990. Under this law, the Federal Environment Protection Agency sets standards for air quality. What are the standards?


🗨